Value refers to the relative darkness or lightness of an area. Using gradual changes from dark to light in an area creates the illusion of three dimensionality on a flat surface.

Drawing Volume:

The largest, simplest planes are first blocked in with a mid-range value.

Move from the middle ground towards dark and light. Identify your light source. Look for the shadows, and how they relate to the form itself. Look for the lightest shapes, think of the lights and darks as puzzle pieces that fit together.

The edge quality of value shapes are different depending on the form; some edges end abruptly, some are gradual transitions.

Divisions of Light and Shadow

Tonal Layering