Sgraffito- A method of decorating a surface by scratching into a top layer to expose a different color
underneath. Comes from the Italian word for "to scratch"

Space - Is the distance around, between, above, below and within an object
Positive Shape- The shape of an object that is the subject in a work of art
Negative Shape- The area surrounding positive shapes

Line- A continuous mark made on a surface.
It may be two-dimensional (pencil on paper), three-dimensional (wire or rope) or implied
(the edge of a shape or form)

Texture- A tactile quality of a surface or its representation.
Three basic types of texture are actual, simulated, and inverted texture.

Part I

We are using pre-inked scratchboard for this exercise. When self-inking your board be sure to tape all four sides to a drawing board.
India ink should be laid down thinly and consistently with a flat brush. One opaque application should be enough.

Warm up: What effects can you obtain by varying the pressure and speed with which you draw?

Part II: Creating textures and transitions in value

Use a sheet of scratchboard to create the following 6 textures (starting in the top row from left to right)

1. Stippling with ink and scratches – stippling creates dots
2. Modulated ink lines and scratches – the black lines themselves get thinner to create more white space
3. Crosshatching with long lines– the lines cross over themselves at 30-60 degree angles
4. Crosshatching with short scratched lines
5. Modulated lines – varying line quality
6. Crosshatching with lines at different angles to create a moiré effect – looks like fish net.

Do not use lines to divide the space between the textures, leave a black space.

Vary the width of the scratch intervals to create a range of grays from dark to light. You may add ink to the drawing if too much is removed. The difference between a freehand quality line and a mechanical line is illustrated below. Create your own transitions from black to white.









This planned drawing began with an initial thumbnail sketch.

A comprehensive drawing, done in pen and ink, worked out more of the image.


After the basic drawing was transferred onto the scratchboard, the major black and dark value areas were
loosely blocked in with ink and brush


.

The finished illustration was rendered with inked and scratched lines and marks.